What does the ELISA test specifically identify?

The ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) test is a highly sensitive and specific method used to detect and quantify proteins, hormones, antibodies, or antigens in a sample. In the context of identifying human blood, the ELISA test utilizes specific antibodies that bind to human hemoglobin or to other human blood proteins. This specificity makes the test particularly effective for distinguishing human blood from other types of biological fluids.

In forensic science, accurately identifying human blood is crucial for evidence collection and analysis at crime scenes or in investigations involving potential human biological samples. The other options, such as animal blood, plant toxins, and fibers, do not fall within the direct scope of what an ELISA test is designed to detect, as it utilizes immunological techniques to target specific human proteins rather than analyzing wider biological samples or fibers.